The Relationship Between the Umayyad Emirate in Andalusia with Christian Kingdoms in Spain (138-300 Hijri / 755-912 AD)

The Relationship Between the Umayyad Emirate in Andalusia with Christian Kingdoms in Spain (138-300 Hijri / 755-912 AD) PDF

Sayda Abdelfatah Anees Sweilem

Supervisor(s)

D. Hisham Abu Irmailah -

Discussion Commity

196 صفحة

Abstract :

This study discussed the relationships between the Islamic Andalusia with Christian Spain during the Umayyad Emirate. It contains four chapters : Chapter One discusses the conditions of Islamic Andalusia that affected its relationships with Christian Spain. It includes the external threats represented by the failing Charlemagne campaign at saragossa in 161 Hijri ( 778 AD ) , the Abbasid attemt to recapture Andalusia through their support of opponent movements, and finally the Norman attacks at the Andalusian coasts and the devastation they left behind them. But the biggest danger came from within Islamic Andalusia itself represented by the conflict among some of the princes and their alliances with the enemy. In addition, the social classes of the Andalusian society lacked harmony, which increased the number of rebels who took part in tribal and factional conflicts. They also sought alliance with the Christians of the north against the government of Cordoba. Another factor that made up a major abstacle for the government of Cordoba is the difficulties of the geographical features that increased the duration of some rebellions that sometimes lasted for many long years such as the rebellion of Omar Ben Hafson. Chapter Two discusses the origin and development of the Christian Kingdoms during the Emirate age. The first Christian assembly against Muslims started at the Asturia region ( 98 Hijri / 716 AD ). By this movement, the Reconquest started in slow but firm steps. In the year 294 Hijri / 910 AD, the capital was moved to leon and this Kingdom was henceforth known as the Kingdom of leon. The second Christian assembly was known as the Kingdom of Nabra whose base was the fortified Pambelona, which was inhabited by a strong population known as the Bushkan. This Kingdom became independent towards the end of the second Hijri century, the eighth century AD. The third Christian assembly was the Catalonia Emirate whose bese was Barcelona which was established after the fall of Barcelona in 185 Hijri, 801 AD. This Emirate was ruled by a number of Lords who were subordinates of the French kings. However, this subordination to the French kings did not last long; Catalonia became independent during the third Hijri century/ the ninth century AD. After studying the north Spanish Christian assembly centers, it was necessary to identify the internal conditions there and to what extent they contributed to strengthening the Reconquest movement. Despite the fact that the conditions of Christian Spain were not much better than the conditions of its neighbor due to the tyranny of its kings, noblemen, and clergymen in addition to the weakness of the Spanish economy. Nevertheless, it was always able to achieve new gains at the expense of Islamic Andalusia, not because of its self-power and military supremacy as much as the weak internal Islamic front. The fourth chapter discusses the civilization relatinship beween Islamic Andalusia and Christian Spain during the Emirate age. Despite the continuous wars between the two sides, they had wide civiliztion relationships of which the Christians of north Spain made the best. However, although they were enchanted by this great civilization, they did notforget prime objective- brining Spain back to Christianity.

Full Article